t-Statistic Cutoffs

Click a link below to see adjusted t-statistic critical values for four types of commonly used settings: (1) randomized control trials, (2) the staggered introduction of state-level changes, (3) instrumental variables, and (4) regression discontinuity designs. See Table A1 of our Journal of Finance article for details.(1)


For example, if you write a paper that examines a particular randomized control trial, and the existing literature has already examined 100 different dependent variables using this randomized control trial, our simulation results suggest you should use a t-statistic cutoff of 3.41 to determine statistical significance in order to have an interpretation similar to the typical 5% p-value.


  1. Randomized Control Trials (RCT)

  2. Staggered Shocks

  3. Instrumental Variables

  4. Regression Discontinuity Design


(1) Suggested citation "Heath, Davidson, Matthew C. Ringgenberg, Mehrdad Samadi, and Ingrid M. Werner, 2022, Reusing Natural Experiments, Journal of Finance, forthcoming."

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